黄武双|侵犯商业秘密损害赔偿的计算
一、侵权损害和违约损害
二、原告损失
三、被告的不当得利
四、许可使用费
五、我国司法实践中的损害赔偿
注释(上下滑动阅览)
[1] Restatement (Second) of Contracts, Chap. 16, § 347 at 112 (1981).
[2] Restatement (Second) of Contracts, § 351 at 137. 注意,假释证据规则不能禁止就确定特殊损害赔偿的可预见性进行谈判的证词.Restatement (Second) of Contracts, § 213 at 129.
[3] See: Second Circuit: Electro-Minatures Corp. v. Wendon Co., 771 F.2d 23, 27 (2d Cir. 1985).Fifth Circuit: Bangor Punta Operations, Inc. v. UniversalMarine Co., 543 F.2d1107, 1110-1111 (5th Cir. 1976).Ninth Circuit: Tri-Tron Internationalv. Velto, 525 F.2d 432, 437 (9thCir. 1975).但是,商业秘密所有者必须提供一些证据来证明损害索赔;如果不提供适当确定损害赔偿的某些依据,仅表明发生了盗用是不够的。SeeUnilogic, Inc. v. Burroughs Corp., 10 Cal. App.4th 612, 12 Cal. Rptr.2d 741(Cal. App. 1992) (在商业秘密所有人承认其没有遭受损失且未能提供不当得利的证据的情况下,维持驳回诉讼的判决).
[4] Basic American, Inc. v. Shatila, 133 Idaho 726, 992 P.2d 175, 15 I.E.R. Cas.(BNA) 1441 (1999).[5] Children' s Broadcasting Corp. v. The Walt Disney Co., 245 F.3d 1008, 1017 (8th Cir. 2001).[6] Eighth Circuit: Storage Technology Corp. v. Cisco Systems, Inc., 395 F.3d 921, 926-928 (8th Cir. 2005) (拒绝损害可能有后来收购前雇员的新公司时支付价格造成的理论).Ninth Circuit: O2 Micro InternationalLtd. v. Monolithic Power Systems, Inc., 399 F.Supp.2d 1064, 1076-1077 (N.D. Cal. 2005) (原告的专家作证的损害赔偿总额,没有分解确定的秘密;因为陪审团的裁决是基于盗用了少于全部秘密清单,所以该裁决是推测性的).Tenth Circuit: Telex Corp. v.International Business Machines Corp., 510 F.2d894, 932-933 (10th Cir. 1975), cert. dismissed 423 U.S. 802 (1975) (推翻了因“增加的安全成本”而向 IBM 提供 300 万美元的判决,并推翻了因公司内部制造而非外包的额外成本而向 IBM 提供 400,000 美元的判决).Eleventh Circuit: AlphamedPharmaceuticals Corp. v. Arriva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 432 F. Supp.2d 1319, 1351 (S.D. Fla. 2006) (对新企业未来利润的每一步假设都必须具有合理的确定性;意见提供了非常有用的分析,尽管适用于并行干扰索赔而不是盗用索赔).Federal Circuit: MicroStrategy, Inc.v. Business Objects,S.A.,429 F.3d 1344,1354-1356 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (损害专家报告和证词因未能考虑影响损失的市场力量而被适当排除).On a similar point, see News AmericaMarketing In-Store, Inc. v. Marquis, 86 Conn. App. 527, 542, 862 A.2d 837 (Conn. App. 2004) (虽然减轻盗用造成的损害的成本是可以收回的,但调查是否发生损耗的成本是不可回收的).[7] Stone v. Goss, 65 N.J. Eq. 756, 55 A. 736 (Ct. Err. & App. 1903). See also Rohmand Haas Co. v. Adco Chemical Co., 689 F.2d424, 2[8]See, e.g.: Fourth Circuit: Carter Products, Inc. v. Colgate-Palmolive Co., 214 F. Supp 383, 397-398 (D. Md. 1963) (基于专利侵权的权威分析).State Courts: Massachusetts: USM Corp. v. Marson Fastner Corp., 392 Mass. 334, 467 N.E.2d 1271, 1276 (Mass. 1984) ("一旦原告证明被告通过销售因不当使用商业秘密而生产的产品获利,则责任转移到被告,以适当证明这些成本可以抵消其利润及其归因于除了商业秘密之外因素的利润部分。").
[9]Restatement (Third) of Unfair Competition§ 45, comment e.[10]Restatement (Third) of Unfair Competition§ 45, comment e.[11]See Engelhard Industries, Inc. v. Research Instrumental Corp., 324 F.2d 347, 353 (9th Cir. 1963), cert. denied 377 U.S. 923 (1964).[12]See C&F Packing Co., Inc. v. IBP, Inc., 224 F.3d 1296, 1304 (Fed. Cir. 2000).[13]See Carter Products, Inc. v. Colgate-Palmolive Co., 214 F. Supp 383, 397-398 (D. Md. 1963) (然而,发现依据证据,它是不可能进行分配的).[14]See, e.g.: Third Circuit: International Industries, Inc. v. Warren Petroleum Corp., 248 F.2d 696, 699 (3d Cir. 1957), cert. dismissed 355 U.S. 943 (1958).Ninth Circuit: Bourns, Inc. v. Raychem Corp., 331 F.3d 704, 709-710 (9th Cir. 2003) (确认奖励 900 万美元,以以三年节省的时间和每年 300 万美元的“燃烧率”计算).
Tenth Circuit: Telex Corp. v. International Business Machines Corp., 510 F.2d 894, 932 (10th Cir. 1975), cert. dismissed 423 U.S. 802 (1975) (批准在一个从未完成的项目上节省 1000 万美元的开发费用,另外在另一个导致竞争产品的项目上奖励 300 万美元).
[15]See, e.g., Salsbury Laboratories, Inc. v. Merieux Laboratories, Inc., 908 F.2d 706, 714 (11th Cir. 1990) (判给原告在疫苗开发和营销上花费的三分之一). 使用相同的逻辑,法院可以将无法以其他方式收回的判决前利息判给不当得利损害赔偿。C&F Packing Co., Inc. v. IBP, Inc., 1999 WL 102798 (N.D. Ill. 1999) (根据 1100 万美元的判决,利息为 500 万美元).[16]See Analogic Corp. v. Data Translation, Inc., 371 Mass. 643, 649, 358 N.E.2d 804 (Mass. 1976).[17]See Children' s Broadcasting Corp. v. The Walt Disney Co., 357 F.3d 860, 864 (8th Cir. 2004) (根据专家对各种“加速期”的计算,确认判决支持超过 1200 万美元 ).[18]See Group One, Ltd. v. Hallmark Cards, Inc., 254 F.3d 1041, 1051 (Fed. Cir. 2001) (维持对被告的简易判决,原告认为无法证明领先时间期间的损害).[19]See University Computing Co. v. Lykes-Youngstown Corp., 504 F.2d 518, 539, 183 U.S.P.Q. (BNA) 705, 717 (5th Cir. 1974). See also Metallurgical Industries Inc. v. Fourtek, Inc., 790 F.2d 1195, 229 U.S.P.Q. (BNA) 945 (5th Cir. 1986); Vermont Microsystems, Inc. v. Autodesk, Inc., 138 F.3d 449, 45 U.S.P.Q.2d (BNA) 2014, 2015 (2d Cir. 1998) (根据加州法律判决支持合理的使用费,因为不当得利的证据是推测性的).[20]See, e.g.: Fifth Circuit: University Computing Co. v. Lykes-Youngstown Corp., supra N. 49, 504 F.2d at 537.Sixth Circuit: Vitro Corp. v. Hall Chemical Co., 292 F.2d 678, 682-683 (6th Cir. 1961). Seventh Circuit: Forest Laboratories v. The Pillsbury Co., 452 F.2d 621, 627 (7th Cir. 1971).
[21]B. Braun Medical, Inc. v. Rogers, 2006 WL 92879 (9th Cir. 2006).[22]Biodynamic Technologies, Inc. v. Chattanooga Corp., 658 F. Supp. 266, 270 (S.D. Fla. 1987) (适用田纳西州法律).[23]Curtiss-Wright Corp. v. Edel-Brown Tool & Die Co., Inc., 381 Mass. 1, 407 N.E.2d 319, 27 Cont. Cas. Fed. (CCH) P 80538, 11 A.L.R.4th 1 (1980).[24]Infinity Products, Inc. v. Quandt, 775 N.E.2d 1144 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002). (原告证明其没有因被告盗用而应扣除的节约部分。)[25]Vermont Microsystems, Inc. v. Autodesk, Inc., 138 F.3d 449, 45 U.S.P.Q.2d (BNA) 2014, 2017 (2d Cir. 1998) (适用加州法律).[26]34 Conn. L. Rptr. 425, 2003 WL 21040255 (Conn. Super. Ct. 2003).[27]Georgia-Pacific Corp. v. U.S. Plywood Corp., 318 F. Supp. 1116, 1120, 166 U.S.P.Q. (BNA) 235 (S.D. N.Y. 1970),判决因其他原因修改,446 F.2d 295, 170 U.S.P.Q. (BNA) 369 (2d Cir. 1971).编辑:梵高先生
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